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In greenhouses For many decades, it has been customary to grow a wide variety of plants, most often the standard method is used for this.
Recently, more and more widespread hydroponic method, with its help it is possible to significantly increase the yield, the method is ideal for conditions of deficiency of fertile soils, rocky areas, etc.
The technique has a long history - it was she who was used in the construction of one of the wonders of the world - the gardens of Semiramis.
What is hydroponics
Hydroponics is a unique method of growing plants, which has its own advantages and disadvantages. Knowledge of the nuances and adherence to technology allows you to speed up the process of obtaining a harvest of vegetables and greens.
Growing greenery in a greenhouse using the hydroponic method involves the use of not earth as a nutrient medium, but a special solution containing the optimal concentration of nutrients.
An important difference in hydroponics is the ability to feed plants with useful substances (potassium, zinc, calcium, sulfur, magnesium, iron, phosphorus, nitrogen, etc.). As a substrate foam rubber is used, expanded clay and other similar materials.
What is hydroponics used for in greenhouses?
The use of hydroponics in the greenhouse has certain advantages compared to traditional techniques.
This method allows you to achieve the following goals:
- increase in productivity, plants are strengthened due to the increased content of nutrients and their accelerated supply to the roots;
- no need for regular watering, every 2-3 days, a solution must be added to the container;
- the roots are constantly moisturized and do not suffer from oxygen deficiency, as often happens when planting plants in the soil;
- the incidence decreases, the number of insect pests is reduced - there is no need to use chemicals to combat them;
- plants do not accumulate radionucleides, nitrates and heavy metals are always present in the earth.
Which plants are suitable for hydroponic growing
This technique is widely used in the cultivation of indoor plants, and now the method is also used in the cultivation of vegetables, berry crops, greenery.
Most often these are cucumbers, tomatoes, legumes, strawberries, strawberries, parsley, celery, basil, rosemary, lettuce, mint, etc.
In Japan, hydroponics is used to grow melons, and the yield is not as large as when planted in the ground. In Holland, the method is widely used for the cultivation of tulips, roses and other decorative flowers.
The method is not suitable for all plants; for the roots of some tuberous crops, a humid environment can be dangerous, among them radishes, beets, carrots, potatoes.
What equipment is needed
The greatest demand today are professional installations, according to the principle of action, there are a large number of their varieties.
According to the method of water supply, there are three main types of installations: aeroponic, drip and periodic flooding, the latter are in greatest demand. But in any system, regardless of the method used, the nutrient mixture is supplied to the root zone, which greatly simplifies the assimilation of substances useful for plant growth.
An indispensable element of any such system is hydropot, consisting of an inner (most often plastic) and an outer container. At the bottom and walls there are holes through which oxygen and useful microelements enter the roots.
The plant is planted in an inner vessel filled with a substrate, which is used as expanded clay granules 2-16 mm in size.
The material is chemically neutral; due to the porous structure, excellent air and water permeability is ensured.
A device is placed in the inner container, which fixes the level of the liquid in the container. The outer pot must be airtight, beautiful and reliable; ceramics, metal, plastic, wood are often used in the manufacture.
Hydroponics can be made by hand, the necessary materials for this:
- a bucket with a lid with a volume of 10-15 liters;
- a pot, the capacity of which should be 2 times less;
- pump for an aquarium;
- parts of plastic pipes;
- expanded clay - granules should be large;
- timer (when using additional lighting, a separate timer is required).
Nutrient solutions
Preparation of the solution does not differ in complexity, for these purposes it is recommended to use filtered or settled water. Fertilizers are applied only after the pH of the water is equalized; after the introduction of each substance, the solution must be thoroughly mixed.
Each stage of plant development must correspond to a certain level of electrical conductivity, which must also be measured. The finished mixture must be stored in a dark place.
Recently, the need for self-preparation of the solution has disappeared, since there is a wide variety of complex mixtures.
Trace elements are introduced into the solution in the form of chelates or sulfates, the former are organic molecules of artificial origin, their function is to retain important trace elements.
Fertilizers are characterized by a more complete composition, in contrast to land fertilizers, during the creation of which it is impossible to calculate the exact amount of nutrients, since the plant receives many of them from the ground.
The use of nutrient solutions for hydroponics when fertilizing crops growing in the ground also contributes to increasing yields... To calculate the concentration of solutions, a special table and calculator are used.
Features of growing greens in hydroponic greenhouses
Plant roots need not only nutrients, but also oxygen, otherwise they can simply die. All plants necessary from time to time provide air intake... Hydroponics in a greenhouse should provide an even flow and drainage of liquid. 
This function is provided by an electric pump, which provides the necessary conditions for the development of plants.
It is worth noting that the main feature of a hydroponic plant is its isolation; plants grown in this way do not need to be cleaned of weeds, pests and diseases. A hydroponic greenhouse or a greenhouse without irrigation is a great invention that is gaining more and more popularity.
DIY hydroponic system
Do-it-yourself hydroponic greenhouses are becoming increasingly popular among gardeners.
The stages of manufacturing such a system:
- Cut space in the lid of the bucket to accommodate the pot.
- In the bottom, make 2 more holes for the solution.
- Attach the pump tube to one hole, to the second, attach the overflow tube necessary to adjust the solution in the container, it should be 3-4 cm below the edge of the container.
Before using the installation, testing is mandatory, during which it is checked that there are no problems with the flow and removal of water from the pot. After checking, the bucket must be filled with a solution and the plant must be planted in it.
The timer should be set to a fifteen-minute mode, during which the solution should flow into the pot, and a back drain is performed for forty-five minutes. Illumination of plants in the dark will help accelerate growth; for this purpose, ultraviolet lamps are used, a timer allows you to turn them on for 10-15 minutes. at night.
A photo
The photo below shows greenhouses with hydroponic installations:
Conclusion
Hydroponics method has several millennia, the method allows you to grow plants in an aqueous solution without using soil... Hydroponic greenhouses are suitable for the cultivation of a wide variety of plants, with the exception of root crops, as the fruits begin to rot quickly under the influence of water. Hydroponic greenhouse equipment is in great demand.
Today there are a large number of very different installations; a device for a greenhouse or home use can be made by hand. As nutrient solutions, ready-made mixtures are used, which are bred in filtered or settled water.
From the video below, you can learn how to make your own hydroponics for a greenhouse:
