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Getting a rich harvest of cucumbers outdoors in our unpredictable climate is an almost impossible task.
Therefore, more and more vegetable growers are choosing for themselves the option of growing cucumbers in greenhouses.
However, even with this method, it is worth studying the basic rules and learning the secrets of getting the maximum number of fruits in the summer.
Choosing the right variety
Even putting a good greenhouse that meets all the requirements on their site, some vegetable growers cannot achieve good yields of cucumbers. The thing is that not all varieties of cucumbers are suitable for growing in a greenhouse.
But before choosing certain varieties of cucumbers for a greenhouse, you need to decide what is more important to you: getting early production, maximum yield from one meter of planting or feasting on fresh vegetables until the very frost.
In each of these cases, certain requirements are imposed on the seed:
- the earliest varieties are Zozulya, Masha F1, Hector. These varieties are ultra-early maturing. Their first fruits begin to form already on the fortieth day after germination;
- the most productive recognized varieties Tumi, Courage, Amur. With proper care, these varieties yield up to 30-40 kg per square of plantings;
- in order to there are cucumbers until the very frost, should be planted in the greenhouse Marinda, Marta, Graceful, Bully;
- grade Athena F1 gives large yields even in low light conditions.
ATTENTION! The main requirements for varieties of cucumbers for greenhouses are their type of branching and the method of pollination.
A feature of growing cucumbers in a greenhouse is their location in a tied state or location across the rows. You should choose varieties with low branching, since they do not expend a lot of energy on the formation of a leaf mass and are distinguished by the rapid formation of fruits. In addition, highly branching varieties in a closed greenhouse will create shading, which will negatively affect the yield.
The second criterion for choosing a variety is self-pollination... In a confined space, insect pollination will not occur, and you will not wait for a harvest from bee-pollinated cucumbers. Of course, you could theoretically do hand-pollination. But for gardeners this is not possible, since this process is quite laborious and time-consuming.
Breeders have developed many self-pollinated cucumber varieties. All these varieties are called parthenocarpics, and they are intended specifically for growing indoors. The ovaries on them are formed without pollination, that is, cross-transfer of pollen is not required for the formation of fruits.
ATTENTION! An important requirement for varieties of cucumbers for greenhouses is shade tolerance. In confined spaces, access to sunlight is limited.
There is no way to choose the best cucumber variety for your greenhouse. The variety of varieties is currently large enough, and every vegetable grower can easily choose the most suitable one for himself, focusing on the taste of the vegetable and its external characteristics. Hercules, Farmer, Annushka - all these species are hybrids, are resistant to many diseases, high yield, shade tolerance.
IMPORTANT! Greenhouse hybrids are not suitable for seed harvesting. Therefore, purchase new seeds every year.
Choosing a greenhouse
Greenhouses differ from greenhouses, first of all, in their height, so their design should be thought out in such a way, so that it is convenient to take care of the plants.
By design, greenhouses for cucumbers can be square or rectangular, in height - low and medium in height.
The upper part of the greenhouse can be single-pitched, gable, broken. The most convenient is the design in which there is the ability to open the roof.
The base for the greenhouses is made of metal or wood. Greenhouses based on metal wire placed at a shallow depth in the ground are popular.
A polyethylene film, non-woven covering material is used as a covering.
The main condition for choosing a cover for a greenhouse is the light transmittance... A cucumber needs enough light to ripen.
At the same time, the material must be dense enough to protect heat-loving plants from wind and drafts. Protection from morning cold dew is also very important for this vegetable.
You can see other greenhouses that you can also assemble or do with your own hands here: From plastic bottles, From PVC, From arcs, From polycarbonate, From window frames, For seedlings, From shaped pipes, Under the film, To the country, For pepper, Winter greenhouse , Beautiful cottage, Successful harvest, Snowdrop, Snail, Dayas
How to grow early cucumbers?
Growing cucumbers in a greenhouse is not such a difficult task. But you still need to follow a few simple rules.
How to make beds?
The secret of an early harvest of cucumbers in a greenhouse is the special preparation of the beds. It is worth starting to cultivate them as soon as the snow melts from the site.
For better illumination of plants, the greenhouse suit, positioning in the west-east direction... When the weather is warm for the day, the film is removed from the south side, and the cucumbers will receive maximum sun.
IMPORTANT! On hot days, the shelter from the greenhouse must be removed without fail so that the cucumbers do not burn out.
The most efficient way to grow cucumbers in the greenhouse - a device for their disembarkation "Warm beds"... This will allow you to plant vegetables in the ground at an earlier date, which means you get an early harvest.
From the formed ridges of the required length, the top layer of the earth should be removed into two bayonets of the shovel. The bottom layer, 20-30 cm in size, is filled with straw, hay or small branches. This filling will begin to actively re-heat in a month, which will give warmth to the plants. To increase the rate of decay and increase the heating temperature, manure is placed on this layer with a layer thickness of 15-20 cm... Sprinkle fluff lime on top of the insulating layer to reduce acidity.
The previously removed soil is laid on a rammed warm pillow. All the soil is poured onto the bed, making a high bed... In the process of growing cucumbers, the earth will settle by 20-30%, because the substrate will become denser and decrease in height.
A warm bed prepared in this way for vegetables will serve as a heater and a nourishing layer for them. The harvest of cucumbers in a warm bed is several times higher than the usual cultivation.
For additional nutrition, wood ash is introduced at the rate of 50 gr. per square meter, superphosphate 150 gr., potassium sulfate - 50 gr.
Seedlings or into the ground?
The question of whether it is worth sowing cucumbers for seedlings at home, then planting them in a greenhouse does not have an unambiguous answer.
This vegetable has a weak root system that does not respond well to transplantation. The sucking hairs that nourish the plant do not recover when cut off, and the cucumber begins to absorb moisture only when new ones grow, therefore seedlings take root badly... But if you do decide to harvest a couple of weeks earlier, you can try.
Sowing is carried out in cups without a bottom, so that during transplantation it is possible to press the plant along with an earthen lump into the prepared hole. You can use newspaper cups that are planted without removing the roots from the newspaper.
Rolled newspapers or bottomless cups are placed tightly in the box and filled with soil. You can use ready-made special soil for pumpkin seeds. The mixture is prepared from two parts of soil, one part of peat and half of a part of sand.
Soak the seeds before sowing in water heated to 45-50 degrees with the addition of a small amount of potassium permanganate (the solution should be medium pink). This procedure will help disinfect the seeds and warm them up for better germination.
The heated seeds are buried in cups by 2 cm, the box is covered with foil and placed in a warm place. In five days, the first shoots will appear.
IMPORTANT! Remove the film from the box as soon as you see the first shoots.
Wait until the cotyledon leaves are fully developed and reduce the temperature of the crops to 180 so that the sprouts do not stretch out. Water the seedlings with a small amount of warm water. After the appearance of real leaves, the volumes of liquid are increased during watering. During cultivation, seedlings are fed two or three times.
Tempering is an important procedure when growing seedlings.
Indoor cucumbers without hardening, do not tolerate a sharp change in conditions cultivation.
In order to accustom the cucumbers to a lower temperature regime. You can open the vents, take out the boxes to the balcony. IN at night, the optimum temperature is 15-16 degrees.
REFERENCE! Sowing seeds for seedlings for planting in unheated greenhouses in the middle lane should be in mid or late April.
When to plant?
The timing of planting cucumber seedlings in a greenhouse is of no small importance for an early harvest. The age of seedlings for planting in a greenhouse should be 20-25 days... At the time of planting, the soil should warm up to 16-18 degrees, this happens by about mid-May.
Around the same time, you can sow cucumbers directly into the greenhouse. If a warm bed is prepared, then you can sow vegetables two weeks earlier. For sowing, holes are prepared and 2-3 seeds are placed in them at once. Distance between the rows when landing should be from one to one and a half meters, and in a row the plants are planted 20-30 cm apart.
When growing seedlings in newspaper glasses, you need to remove the bottom from them and, together with the walls, place the sprout in the hole. The roots will break through the soggy newspaper easily, and with such a planting they will not be damaged. Plastic cups are placed in the hole and, holding the lump of earth with your hand, the second carefully remove the glass with an upward movement.
After planting cucumber seedlings in a greenhouse or sowing seeds, the holes are watered and necessarily mulched to prevent crust formation. To prevent the growth of weeds in between the rows, the soil is covered with a black film or an opaque cloth. This technique is necessary, since it is quite problematic to weed the aisles in the greenhouse when the cucumber lashes grow.
We form bushes
When grown in greenhouses, cucumbers can be grown creeping on the ground or tied to a frame.
The purpose of the garter is to direct the growth of the lashes so that they do not creep outside the ridges.
The main stem of the cucumber is pinched after the fifth leaf has grown... After pinching, the plant begins active growth of lateral shoots.
Pinching is necessary. Since fruit ovaries are formed mainly on the lateral stems.
You can see and hear additional information on how to grow early cucumbers in a greenhouse in this video:
How to improve the heating of the greenhouse?
If your greenhouse does not have a warm pillow, you can increase the temperature in it with the help of some tricks:
- Poultice. It is carried out after morning watering. Watering the plants, the greenhouse closes for 2 hours in the spring and half an hour in hot summer weather. At the same time, the temperature in the greenhouse rises sharply, which contributes to the growth of cucumbers.
- Use of solar heat. The essence of this method is to let heat into the greenhouse and not let it out. Retention is facilitated by the quality of the material used for the shelter and the location of the structure. It should be spherical and positioned in such a way as to be maximally illuminated by the sun from the southern side. The northern wall of the greenhouse should be covered with foil or an opaque cloth. In this case, the heat received from the south will not leave the structure.
- Bottled water. Plastic bottles are filled with water and placed around the perimeter of the greenhouse; for stability, they are slightly dug into the ground. During the day in the sun, the water heats up. And at night, evaporating, it gives off heat to the plants.
All these simple tricks will help you get consistently high yields of cucumbers in a greenhouse on the site without large material costs.
