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Sowing of seeds is carried out 65 days before the planned date of planting seedlings in their permanent place.
The timing of sowing pepper seeds for seedlings in the suburbs in the last days of March, if the seedlings are planned to be planted in open ground.
If the seedlings are planted under a temporary shelter, then they need to be sown in early March.
Seed selection
Before sowing, the seeds are sorted on a sieve by size, the puny ones are removed by specific gravity, for which they are placed in 5% NaCl... In this case, weak seeds float, and full-fledged ones drown, and as more valuable, they are used for sowing. They are pre-tested for germination. This is easy to do. Not later than a week before sowing, the seeds are placed in a shallow dish between two layers of cotton or filter paper, moistened and placed in a warm, dark place, maintaining constant humidity. The hatched seeds are used for sowing.
Seed preparation before planting
Against diseasetransmitted through seeds, they are etched in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate for 10 minutes and washed with clean water. Further, the seeds are moistened in a solution of trace elements and fertilizers in the given proportions (per 1 bucket of water):
- potassium salt 3 g;
- manganese sulfate 0.7 g;
- superphosphate 5 g;
- ammonium nitrate 3 g;
- boric acid 1 g;
- zinc sulfate 1 g;
- ammonium molybdenum 1 g;
- copper sulfate 1g.
Better to sow sprouted seeds in boxes of any size with a soil layer of at least 10 cm... The boxes are washed disinfected in 3-5% formalin solution or 10% bleach solution.
Soil mixtures for sowing
Mixtures for sowing seeds can be very different, for example:
- humus (2 parts), sod land with sand inclusions (1 part);
- humus (1 part), sawdust (1 part), peat (2 parts), turf earth (1 part);
- humus (5 parts), sod land (1 part).
Add to the nutrient mixture for one bucket:
- 0.5 cups ash (wood);
- 45 g superphosphate;
- 45 g potassium salt.
Mix the ingredients well... The prepared mixture is poured into a box, leaving 3 cm from the edge so that the soil and seeds are not washed out when watering.
- Before sowing, the surface is leveled and grooves are marked; the distance between them is 2-4 cm.
- The seeds are planted to a depth of about 1 cm, at a distance of up to 3 cm from each other.
For backfill, use a well-mixed mixture with the addition of sand.to avoid crusting. Water the crops with warm water from a watering can.
The boxes are installed in a warm place at a temperature of 23 degrees (greenhouses, greenhouses, insulated balconies). When shoots appear, the temperature is lowered to 14-16 degrees to strengthen the shoots and roots.
Important! If, due to a lack of light, the seedlings are stretched out, it is necessary to sprinkle them with soil mixture to the very cotyledons.
The seedlings are ready for picking after the appearance of the first full-fledged leaves... Before choosing seedlings for picking, they must be watered to better preserve the roots.
Seedlings dive into pots filled with nutrient mixture or boxes at a distance of 6 × 6, 7 × 7 or 8 × 6 cm... The mixture is used the same as for sowing seeds.
So that the transplanted shoots take root better they are shaded from the bright sun. Potted seedlings are less sick, has a more developed root system, begins to bear fruit faster.
Important! Practice shows that poorly prepared seedlings, even on fertile soil, give a modest harvest.
When growing seedlings should be hardened... To do this, the greenhouses are ventilated, they produce abundant watering, but they do not overmoisten the soil (excess moisture stops growth).
Top dressing should be done every 12-14 days.... As a potash fertilizer use wood ash... For poor growth for feeding use infused manure (water - 10 hours, mullein - 1 hour)... After feeding, the plants are washed with water. Watering and fertilizing are combined with regular weeding.
Landing in open ground
Before planting, the seedlings must be well shed with water so as not to damage the pots (potted seedlings) and the earthy clod (potless seedlings).
Important! Peppers are planted in open ground when the danger of frost has completely passed.
Seedling holes are made in rows with a distance 65-75 cm, plant spacing - about 25 cm. An average of 8 plants are planted per m2.
Survival rate depends on the freshness of the seedlings... If the plants wilted, then in the future this can lead to the loss of the first buds, and, accordingly, an early harvest.
Usually planted in the afternoon.... So the plants will have time to get stronger during the night.
Wells are pre-spilled with water (up to 2 liters for each)... Saplings deepen to the root collar... To make them easier to take root, watering is necessary every 2 days, in hot weather - daily watering. At first, the pepper only gains strength and grows poorly. After strengthening the root system, after 14 days, you need to apply some kind of mineral fertilizer, for example, calculation for 1 bucket of water:
- superphosphate 45 g;
- potassium chloride 20 g;
- ammonium nitrate 25 g.
During this period, flowering begins, so the plants should be fed. Top dressing is carried out regularly, especially the fruiting period. You can use both organic and mineral fertilizers.
Loosening between rows should be done carefully so as not to break the stems or damage the roots. It is necessary to sprinkle peppers when mass flowering begins.
Due to the peculiarities of the structure of the pepper (fruits and flowers appear in places where the stem branches), pepper should not be pinned.
If you follow the correct scheme for planting seedlings, in the agro-climatic conditions of the Moscow region, the harvest of pepper fruits in the open field can be obtained from mid-July until the first frost.
Useful materials
Read other articles on pepper seedlings:
- Correct cultivation from seeds and should they be soaked before sowing?
- How to grow black peppercorns, chili, bitter or sweet at home?
- What are growth stimulants and how to use them?
- The main reasons why the leaves of the shoots curl, the seedlings fall or stretch, and also why the shoots die?
- Planting dates in the regions of Russia and the peculiarities of cultivation in the Urals and Siberia.
- Learn recipes for yeast-based fertilizers.
- Learn the rules for planting bell and hot peppers, as well as how to dive sweet?
In conclusion, we bring to your attention a video on how to plant seedlings in open ground:
