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When choosing a field of activity for a business, pay attention to the cultivation of greenery. Having built a good greenhouse, you can take several crops per year and it’s quite good to make money. For success, it is important to choose the most popular crops and organize the distribution channels correctly.
For household needs, you can limit yourself to a small greenhouse or a wall-mounted mini-greenhouse.
But for those who plan to establish contacts with stores and sell greens in solid volumes, need industrial greenhousesequipped according to all the rules. They allow you to plant seeds and harvest crops throughout the year.
Greenhouses for greenery: the best ideas from farmers
How to grow greens in a greenhouse all year round for business? The best structures for growing greenery - polycarbonate greenhouses with double glazing on a stainless steel frame. They create the effect of a thermos, keeping the optimum temperature between 15 and 28ºC.
Glass is too fragile and expensive, and plastic wrap does not provide stable indoor temperatures. Industrial greenhouses are impressive in size (from 0.5 hectares and more). For beginner farmers it is worth building a structure of 100-120 sq. m, the greenhouse economy can be expanded in the future.
The shape of greenhouses for greenery can be different. In cold regions, sloping structures are most popular, providing good insolation and preventing snow from accumulating on the roof. It is also possible to use traditional arched greenhouses. For growing in soil low structures are suitable, shelving greenhouses are more impressive in size.
Green business: advantages and disadvantages
Having decided to grow greenery on an industrial scale, it is important to know in advance about the pros and cons a similar enterprise.
Among the advantages of this business:
- the ability to take several crops per year;
- greenhouses are suitable for any green crops, from familiar to exotic;
- tall demand for fresh herbs;
- in winter and early spring, the margin increases significantly and profitability increases;
- cultivation by hydroponic, aeroponic or soil method is possible;
- business suits even people inexperienced in agriculture;
- greenhouses minimize the risk of low yields.
Despite the obvious advantages, the business also has some disadvantages:
- high costs of building and heating greenhouses;
- in the summer, there is high competition from the owners of household plots;
- perishable product, which increases the percentage of rejects;
- a large amount of fertilizers is required to increase the nutritional value of the soil;
- to increase income, it is necessary to operate with large volumes of products and constantly increase them.
What is worth growing in greenhouses?
Experienced farmers believe that growing greenery is the most promising option greenhouse business. Green crops grow rapidly, and their palatability remains unchanged regardless of how they are grown.
Greens need no advertising, everyone loves her. The product can be sold both in the markets and through vegetable stalls, shops, catering networks and wholesale dealers.
Among cultures, the following are in special demand:
- Green onions. For growing on greens, hybrid varieties that do not form bulbs are suitable. A variety of varieties are planted in greenhouses: batun, slug, chives. Plants are not too demanding on lighting, but need a large amount of complex mineral and organic fertilizers. Chives can be grown hydroponically or aeroponically.
- Dill. Very yielding, grows quickly and requires frequent cutting. Growing requires good moisture and light.
- Parsley... For cultivation in greenhouses, ordinary leafy and curly parsley is used, which is in great demand in stores. Highly demanding on soil nutrition, watering and lighting. At low temperatures, growth stops.
- Leaf salad. Any varieties are suitable for cultivation, but fast-growing Iceberg, oak-leaved, Frize are especially popular. Lettuce grows well in hydroponics, needs a lot of fertilizer and water.
A very promising direction is the cultivation of greenery in miniature plastic pots... These containers are placed in cassettes and can significantly extend the life of greenery on store shelves.
Dill, lettuce and parsley in pots attract attention and are readily sold out.
Cost price this method of growing almost equal to traditional, and the mark-ups for a similar type of product are significantly higher. In pots, you can grow not only the usual greens, but also a variety of spicy herbs: mint, lemon balm, anise, cilantro, basil, rosemary, thyme.
Greenhouse equipment
Industrial greenhouses most often use hydroponic technologies... They can significantly save space and reduce the cost of finished products. Plants are grown in liquid nutrient solutions, without the use of soil.
Hydroponic technologies significantly accelerate the growth of greenery, the plants have a beautiful appearance. Unlike vegetables, hydroponically grown greens do not taste watery.
Another option is soil cultivation in tiers... Racks with a nutrient substrate are installed along the walls of the greenhouses, into which seeds are sown. Rack growing makes it possible to save on heating, increasing the purely plants by 1 sq. m greenhouses.
Greenhouse equipped with a ventilation system and heating. Industrial greenhouses are heated by underground pipes. To reduce the cost of electric heating, innovative methods are actively used: biofuels, solar panels, the use of infrared cables. It is best to heat the structure in a combined way, using several methods at once.
An industrial greenhouse designed for soil cultivation should be equipped with a drip irrigation system... Lighting is also very important. There are not enough lamps under the ceiling; local lighting is needed for each tier of the rack.
For the organization of a continuous process, sowing in batches is recommended. This allows harvesting without overstocking. After harvest soil is mixed with fertilizers, is thoroughly loosened, watered and sown with a new batch of seeds.
Costs, income and profitability: calculation rules
When calculating profitability it is important to take into account all costs, both one-time and monthly. These include:
- land lease;
- registration of a legal entity;
- construction and equipment of greenhouses;
- purchase of planting material and fertilizers;
- spending on electricity and water;
- payment of taxes;
- salary of hired personnel;
- packaging and labeling;
- transportation costs for the delivery of finished products.
Some items of expenses may be excluded from the estimate. For instance, land owners will not be spent on rent, and small greenhouses do not need hired helpers, which excludes salary costs. Branded packaging is needed by large farms that have registered a trademark and sell them through retail chains.
According to the estimates of professionals, the cost of one polycarbonate greenhouse of 100,000 sq. m start at 100,000 rubles. 10,000 rubles will have to spend on seed, at least 15,000 rubles will be required for heating.
The profit depends on the chosen culture and the way of implementation. The most profitable option is to sell through retail stores or food service networks. In summer, a kilogram of greenery can cost from 80,000 rubles, in winter the price rises to 150,000 rubles. This growth is associated with a decrease in supply and a lack of competition from private subsidiary plots.
Other popular crops for the greenhouse business, about which you can find out in more detail on our website: berries, flowers, tomatoes, cucumbers and other vegetables.
The profitability of the green business is not very high. According to various estimates, it ranges from 15 to 25%. An industrial greenhouse will pay off in 2-3 years, payback of a farm greenhouse medium size - 1.5-2 years... The profitability is much higher in regions with a warm climate.
In the northern regions, the cost of greenhouse greenery increases significantly, reducing profits. Well-established logistics, an increase in the sales network and a thoughtful approach to heating greenhouses will help reduce costs.
Growing greenery in a greenhouse as a business - uncomplicated but financially intensive process. A large initial investment is required to be successful. Even before the start of greenhouse construction it is worth considering a clear sales scheme and calculate all the upcoming costs. For starters, build one small greenhouse as a training option. If the process goes well, it will be possible to significantly expand your farm.
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