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Cabbage cultivation
The main species of cabbage grown are: savoy cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts and cabbage. Savoy cabbage has been cultivated since remote times for food purposes. Over the centuries, numerous horticultural forms have been created with leaves that are less crinkled or hooded, closely superimposed on each other to form an acute or elongated head; in the interior this cabbage is white and yellowish with very tender leaves. The cauliflower has a very short erect stem, thick, with numerous leaves scattered in tuft around the inflorescence which is white and so as it is collected is placed on the markets. The Brussels cabbage, on the other hand, reaches a height of eighty or one hundred centimeters and has buds near the leaves; these form small heads that cover the stem from the base to the top, on which stands a tuft of more or less lobed leaves, rounded at the apex. Finally, the cabbage has smooth, tightly gathered leaves in a very compact cap and is used for preparing sauerkraut. The red-purple leaf variety has two very tasty horticultural forms: the darker black head, and the paler red Zenith.
Cultivation
Each type of cabbage has a period for sowing and harvesting. Savoy cabbages are sown in autumn or late winter, they require a preferably fresh and sandy soil, abundantly fertilized and well worked in depth. Loose or siliceous soils are not suitable, while those containing lime are excellent. The transplant must be done when the plant has released the fourth leaf. Cauliflowers are sown at the end of spring and summer and when they have reached about 30 centimeters in height the plants are transplanted into fertile, fresh and well-worked soil. The various horticultural forms on the market can be early or late, and are harvested from autumn to spring. Brussels sprouts are sown in February and then transplanted into the vegetable gardens when they are twenty to twenty centimeters tall. Growers when the plant has grown, they cimano to help the enlargement of the globular foliar heads; do not use fertilizers that are too rich in nitrogen because otherwise the latter lose their compactness. Finally the cabbage is sown in February-March and then transplanted the seedlings when they have six or eight leaves. The best systems of fertilization and cultivation of cabbages are very simple and rudimentary and excellent are the natural fertilizers. These include manure obtained from plant forms such as well-decomposed leaves and plants or animal substances, including manure and other excrements. Cabbage is ultimately the easiest vegetable to grow, care for and grow.
Cultivation techniques
Cabbage is a vegetable that adapts to all the temperatures for which it is cultivable even in the presence of harsh climates. However, it is essential to cultivate it in a place where direct exposure to the sun's rays exceeds six hours; in fact, it is the sun's rays that enhance its characteristics. The cabbage must not undergo frequent watering but must be weekly and in this case, it is appropriate to add fertilizers rich in ferrous salts to the water to reinforce the roots. During watering it is important to administer the water directly into the soil, avoiding to wet the leaves because the water once dried can generate harmful diseases and among these the most widespread is the powdery mildew. The latter comes in the form of a fungus with the development of dark spots on the white part while the leaves turn yellow. In this case it is necessary to intervene with liquid fungicides to be dissolved in water containing sulfur-based substances. However, it is better to avoid the spread of this disease by following the previous instructions, as these products are not always 100% effective.
Soil care and transplantation
cabbages need a well-worked soil in depth, fresh and fertilized. The plants develop quite thick roots so at the time of grafting it is advisable to space them about 40 centimeters apart to avoid tangling. A good tip for treating the soil to keep it always moist is to intervene with frequent weeding. The roots remain perfectly intact if dry sand is added to the soil. If the cabbage is cared for sufficiently the development allows a good flowering already after the first year. However it is preferable to renew the cultivation avoiding to eradicate the roots, therefore, in the case of transplants or displacements in other places it is advisable to collect the roots with a good quantity of soil and put them to rest before the new grafting in a sand container so that, moisture in contact with it creates a jar of compressed and well compacted soil.
